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This drawing shows what our first
production vehicle, Zing! will look like. We've kept Zing!
remarkably simple. With the parts count so low, so there are fewer things to malfunction. The other pictures on the
page are of our proof-of-concept (POC) prototype, which serves as a test mule for the systems in the production vehicle.
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The headlights and turn signals are behind Lexan windows. Frontal area of
the POC is a little less than it will be in the second prototype (which will be comfier, and hold two full-sized people).
The POC prototype now has faired-in suspension and wheels -- which adds a little frontal area, but dramatically improves the
streamlining, for a net gain in efficiency.
Interestingly, a round shaft, such as an axle shaft for front
wheel drive, has ten times the drag of a streamlined section of the same size. Therefore, it is more efficient to enclose
the suspension members and drive shafts, than to leave them exposed as is done on, for example, the Aptera. Doing so
also allows the fenders to be mounted securely from the body, instead of bouncing up and down with the wheels. Reducing
the weight of stuff which must move with the wheels over bumps (called unsprung weight) improves both handling and ride on
bumpy roads.
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In this view of the POC, you can see some of the exposed guts of the vehicle.
The upper surface of the "wings" between the central fuselage and fenders were installed just after this picture
was taken.
You can see that the POC has ordinary lead-acid
batteries at this point, which work fine for concept verification, validating actual energy consumption, etc. With these
small batteries, it has only a few miles range on electricity alone, but they have the huge advantage of remarkably low cost:
a whopping $88 total!
In the nose is an even smaller
(although slightly more expensive)
battery that starts the engine if I need to recharge the batteries.
Driving this reminds me of sailing. The silence of running on electricity alone is great, but
I have already experienced times when, without the engine-driven generator, I would have been stuck, having to call a tow
truck.
No matter what the range of a battery-only electric
vehicle, there will be times when you need a few miles more. Vehicles like mine (and the Chevy Volt) have the huge advantage
that if you want to drive across the country you can do it. At the same time, driving around town on bateries
is more efficienct because the weight of long-range batteries would exceed the weight of the generator. The Chevy
Volt, for example, consumes less electricity per mile than the tiny Tesla Roadster, even though the Volt is a larger vehicle
capable of holding a family
Extended range EVs
offer all the advantages of an electric vehicle, without the range anxiety.
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The disc brakes on the POC are rarely
used. In about five laps of our hilly neighborhood, using regen to maintain speed on the downhill section and to come
to two stops per lap, the friction brakes remained completely cold. Certainly, hard stops and panic stops would
warm up the brakes, but in ordinary driving, much of the stopping energy can be put back into the batteries, rather than wasted
as heat in friction brakes.
Regen is more effective in
a plug-in hybrid (and especially in an extended range EV) than in a standard hybrid like a Prius, because the batttery
pack is much larger and can accept higher charging currents.
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